OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A NEW CORONA VIRUS MODEL

This study proposes a corona pandemic model that incorporates both reported and unreported cases of virus to be more realistic. In addition, it is advised to employ both preventive measures: vaccination and treatment and applied them at the simultaneously. The optimal controls were characterized with the maximum Pontryagin principle. Finally, the results of the numerical simulations demonstrate the utility of the proposed control mechanisms and this modeling. © 2023, SCIK Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.

Rumors of Social Networks and their Role in Influencing the Degree of Citizens Attitude Regarding Vaccination with the Covid-19 Vaccine: A Field Study

The present study sought to investigate social network rumors and their function in affecting a citizen's desire to get vaccinated with the Corona Vaccine, as well as to evaluate the social networks that are most commonly utilized in disseminating rumors regarding the Corona Vaccine. Furthermore, this study looked at the vaccinations that were most influenced by the misinformation. The current study involved 400 individuals via internet questionnaires. The survey revealed that the majority of respondents (95.2 %) believe that rumors circulate on social networks and that the degree of diffusion of these rumors is considerable (66.8 %). While other social networks were significantly affected, Facebook had the most at (68.9 %). According to the study, periods when rumors propagate on social media are when diseases and epidemics spread. It was discovered that the purpose of disseminating rumors about the vaccination on social media was to instill fear in residents and lead to a misunderstanding of the genuine scientific truth. According to the study, the most rumored vaccination via social networks was AstraZeneca at (65.1 %). The most widely circulated rumor regarding the vaccine on social networks was that it "causes sterility”. [ FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic Review On Covid Vaccination In Children- Assessment Of Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy And Adverse Effects

Introduction: The recent pandemic outbreak Covid-19 has led to substantial illness and ultimate mortality across the globe and children are highly are in the verge of being in a critical role as vectors in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. There are quite a few studies which have observed that the vaccinated individuals who become infected again are on the side fewer side to transmit the virus due to reduced viral load and the duration of virus shedding and as a result, transmission from vaccinated individual to household contacts is significantly lower. This systemic review was thus undertaken with the objective of analysing the literature that were available on the safety, immunogenicity, efficacy and if any adverse effects of covid vaccination in children.Material and Methods: We conducted both a systematic review. This review was solely based on the predefined protocol and it was conducted in concordance with PRISMA guidelines.Conclusion: The available data reports similar efficacy and safety in children as of adults. Therefore, more clinical trials are needed to be conducted and published for evaluation of safety and if any long-term effects of Covid vaccines.

Corona and Reproduction, or Why the Corona Vaccination Does Not Result in Infertility.

Background As the COVID-19 pandemic persists and new vaccines are developed, concerns among the general public are growing that both infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and vaccinations against the coronavirus (mRNA vaccines) could lead to infertility or higher miscarriage rates. These fears are voiced particularly often by young adults of reproductive age. This review summarizes the current data on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and corona vaccinations on female and male fertility, based on both animal models and human data. Method A systematic literature search (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) was carried out using the search terms "COVID 19, SARS-CoV-2, fertility, semen, sperm, oocyte, male fertility, female fertility, infertility". After the search, original articles published between October 2019 and October 2021 were selected and reviewed. Results Despite the use of very high vaccine doses in animal models, no negative impacts on fertility, the course of pregnancy, or fetal development were detected. In humans, no SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in the oocytes/follicular fluid of infected women; similarly, no differences with regard to pregnancy rates or percentages of healthy children were found between persons who had recovered from the disease, vaccinated persons, and controls. Vaccination also had no impact on live-birth rates after assisted reproductive treatment. No viral RNA was detected in the semen of the majority of infected or still infectious men; however, a significant deterioration of semen parameters was found during semen analysis, especially after severe viral disease. None of the studies found that corona vaccines had any impact on male fertility. Discussion Neither the animal models nor the human data presented in recent studies provide any indications that fertility decreases after being vaccinated against coronavirus. However, there is a growing body of evidence that severe SARS-CoV-2 infection has a negative impact on male fertility and there is clear evidence of an increased risk of complications among pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The counseling offered to young adults should therefore take their fears and concerns seriously as well as providing a structured discussion of the current data.

Global interest in vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Google Trends.

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccines have become available; now, everyone has the opportunity to get vaccinated. We used Google Trends (GT) data to assess the global public interest in COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic. For the analysis, a period of 17 months was chosen (from Jan 19, 2020, to Jul 04, 2021). Interest in user queries was tracked by keywords (corona vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine development, Sputnik v, Pfizer vaccine, AstraZeneca vaccine, etc.). The geographic analysis of queries was also carried out. The interest of users in the vaccine is significantly increasing. It is focused on the side effects of vaccines, and users pay attention to vaccines' developers from different countries. The correlation between the scientific publications devoted to vaccine development and such requests of users on the internet is absent. This study shows that internet search patterns can be used to gauge public attitudes towards coronavirus vaccination. Safety concerns consistently high follow an interest in vaccine side effects. This data can be used to track and predict attitudes towards vaccination of populations from COVID-19 in different countries before global vaccination becomes available to help mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic.

Trust about corona vaccine among health professionals working at Dilla University referral hospital, 2021.

BACKGROUND: Corona virus is continuing over a year ago throughout the world. To handle the spread and vitality of the virus, several investigations have been done and recently the vaccine has launched in order to effect soon. A vaccine has several controversial issues regarding the effectiveness and potential unwanted serious adverse effects. In low-and middle-income countries including Ethiopia, there is a huge knowledge gap and insufficiency of information about the corona vaccine. Trust is exceptionally crucial to utilize any vaccines apply on human being. This study aimed to assess trust about corona vaccine and its associated factors among health professionals working at Dilla University referral hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2021. METHOD: A hospital-based study employing cross-sectional design and simple random sampling technique was used to select health professionals who are working at Dilla University referral hospital from March 1-15, 2021. Trust about corona vaccine was assessed by a Likert scale type single standard questionnaire. A Binary Logistic regression at 95% CI, p < 0.05 was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. RESULT: This study included 250 health professionals. From the total of respondents, 155(62%) indicated they would not trust COVID-19 vaccines. The most common reasons indicated through a closed series of 10 options for not trusting the vaccine included doubts in efficacy, novelty of the products, fast-tracking of the development and general indecisiveness. Men, people aged less than 32 years, who were single, who worked in a coronavirus treatment unit, who had a positive coronavirus test and no current history of physical illness were more likely to trust or demand the vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of health professionals that trust COVID-19 vaccination is among the lowest in the world. Therefore, there is a need of awareness creation training and education about the corona vaccine for health professionals, particularly for those identified groups.

A current novel perspective approach for coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic outbreak.

Coronavirus disease-2019 is a serious health threat around the globe. Across the world, approximately 142 million people were infected, and three million deaths happened. The fast propagation is also associated with constant anxiety, mental stress, and discomfort in public and health-care professionals. Lack of approved drugs regimen to combat the pandemic challenge concretely is a challenging project for all who are committed to developing remedial assistance. However, the successful development of three vaccines gives a solid roadmap to combat this disease. In this review, we highlighted the current development and challenges of this pandemic.

Designing Multi-Epitope Vaccines to Combat Emerging Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by Employing Immuno-Informatics Approach.

A recent pandemic caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, COVID-19, initially discovered in China, is now spreading globally. This poses a serious threat that needs to be addressed immediately. Genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 has revealed its close relation to SARS-coronavirus along with few changes in its spike protein. The spike protein aids in receptor binding and viral entry within the host and therefore represents a potential target for vaccine and therapeutic development. In the current study, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was explored for potential immunogenic epitopes to design multi-epitope vaccine constructs. The S1 and S2 domains of spike proteins were analyzed, and two vaccine constructs were prioritized with T-cell and B-cell epitopes. We adapted a comprehensive predictive framework to provide novel insights into immunogenic epitopes of spike proteins, which can further be evaluated as potential vaccine candidates against COVID-19. Prioritized epitopes were then modeled using linkers and adjuvants, and respective 3D models were constructed to evaluate their physiochemical properties and their possible interactions with ACE2, HLA Superfamily alleles, TLR2, and TLR4.

Treatment of the novel COVID-19: why Costa Rica's proposal for the creation of a global pooling mechanism deserves serious consideration?

The COVID-19 is causing not only deaths and fear but also economic and social harm across the globe. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, quarantines, social distancing, and other strict public health measures are playing their part in delaying the spread of infection, but a safe and potent vaccine, effective therapeutics, point-of-care diagnostics, and other health products are desperately needed because it may not be practically possible for governments to extend these measures for an indefinite period of time. On March 23, Costa Rica submitted a proposal to the Director-General of the World Health Organization for the creation of a global pooling mechanism in order to facilitate access to and use of intellectual property, trade-secret know-how, regulatory data, cell lines, product blueprints, and other proprietary data for technologies that are useful for the detection, prevention, control, and treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study critically evaluates Costa Rica's proposal and endeavors to briefly answer the following questions: Why Costa Rica's proposal deserves serious consideration? To what extent this proposal addresses some of the key concerns related to the COVID-19? To what extent this proposal is practically feasible?